Handbook of Finnish, 2nd edition, section 20 Spoken Finnish:

Variation in spoken Finnish

The features discussed above are more or less “neutral” in modern Finnish, even though many of them have their roots in dialects. They can be characterized as modern urban Finnish, which is also used in dialogs in literature—except when intentionally describing rural or otherwise local language.

In contrast, features such as pronouncing the diphthongs ie, uo, as , ua, (e.g. tua miäs instead of standard tuo mies), though very common in Western dialects, are markedly substandard in public speech. In some other dialects, these diphthongs have been changed to long vowels ii, uu, and yy in some contexts. Such pronunciation is usually recognized as dialectal, but it often appears as rather neutral in some common words, e.g. tiedäntiiän.

Features such as tstt (e.g. metsämettä) depend on the dialect background of the speaker, though they are common in the verbs etsiä, katsoa, and viitsiä. The tt here may participate in consonant gradation (e.g. katsookattoo but katsonkaton).

Substitution of d by another sound (e.g. kadunkarun or kavun) is clearly recognized as a dialect feature. However, omission of d in some contexts such as kahdenkahen is a common speech feature.

Word-initial consonant clusters are simplified to the last consonant by many speakers, e.g. startatatartata, treenatareenata. Outside communities and contexts where this is common, it may sound uneducated.


© 2015, 2025, 2026 Jukka K. Korpela, jukkakk@gmail.com. This book was last updated January 11, 2026.