A table of proper names

In Finnish

In English

Notes

Aabel

Abel

Biblical. Abel in 1992 translation.

Aabraham

Abraham

Biblical. Abraham in 1992 translation.

Aachen [aahhen]

Aachen

German name.

Aadam

Adam

Biblical. Popular language form is Aatami.

Aadolf

Adolph

Kings of Sweden (Adolf).

Aajoki

Lielupe

In history. Now Lielupe.

Aamos : Aamoksen

Amos

Biblical.

Aasia

Asia

Aataminhuippu : Aataminhuipulla

Adam’s Peak

Abélard, Pierre [abelaar piäär]

Abelard, Peter

French philosopher.

Abessinia

Abyssinia

Now Etiopia (Ethiopia).

Abhasia

Abkhazia

Abimelek

Abimelech

Biblical.

Abruzzit [abrutsit] ∼ Abruzzo [abrutso]

Abruzzo ∼ Abruzzi

Accra [akra]

Akkra ∼ Accra

The form Akkra has also been used in Finnish.

Addis Abeba

Addis Ababa

Aden [aaden] : Aadenissa

Aden

Adrianmeri

Adriatic Sea

Adrianopoli

Adrianople

Now Edirne.

Adrianus : Adrianuksen

Adrian

Popes.

Adygeia

Adygea

Adžaria

Adjara

Aëtius [aeetius] : Aëtiuksen

Aetius

Afganistan

Afghanistan

Afrikansarvi

Horn of Africa

Afrikka : Afrikassa

Africa

Afrodite [afrodite ∼ afrodiite]

Aphrodite

Agathon

Agatho

Pope.

Agios Nikolaos ∼ Ajos Nikolaos

Agios Nikolaos

Agulhasinniemi [aguljasinniemi]

Cape Agulhas

Ahmedabad ∼ Ahmadabad

Ahmedabad

Ahvenanmaa : Ahvenanmaalla

Åland

Ahvenanmeri

Åland Sea

Ahvenanrauma

South Kvarken

Aias : Aiaksen ∼ Aiaan

Ajax ∼ Aias

Mythological.

Aiginanlahti

Saronic Gulf

Same as Saroninlahti.

Aikakirja

Chronicles

Biblical. 1 Chronicles = 1. Aikakirja.

Aiolia

Aeolia ∼ Aeolis

Aiskhylos : Aiskhyloksen

Aeschylus

Aisopos : Aisopoksen

Aesop ∼ Esop

Aisopos : Aisopoksen

Esop

Akaba

Aqaba

Akabanlahti

Gulf of Aqaba

akhaialainen

Achaean

akhemenidi ∼ akhaimenidi

Achaemenid

Akhilleus : Akhilleuksen

Achilles

The form Akilles is used in the phrase Akilleen kantapää and on compounds like akillesjänne.

Akko : Akkossa

Acca ∼ Acco

Akropolis : Akropoliilla

Acropolis

Aktaion

Actaeon

Akvitania

Aquitaine ∼ Aquitania

Aladdin

Alladin ∼ Aladdin

The form Alladin is sometimes used in Finnish.

Alaivuoret

Alay Mountains ∼ Alai Mountains

Alamaa

Lowlands

Scottish Lowlands.

Alankomaat : Alankomaissa

the Netherlands

Alankomaiden Antillit : Alankomaiden Antilleilla

Netherlands Antilles

Now historical.

Alarik

Alaric

Ala-Saksi

Lower Saxony

Alattio

Alta

Albrekt Mecklenburgilainen

Albert of Sweden

Aleksandria

Alexandria

Aleksanteri

Alexander

Monarchs.

Aleksanteri Nevski

Alexander Nevsky

In orthodox usage Pyhä Aleksanteri Nevalainen.

Aleksanterinsaari

Alexander Island

Aleksei

Alexey

Russian first name

Aleksei

Alexis

Czars.

Aleutit : Aleuteilla

Aleutian Islands

Alexandersaaristo ∼ Alexandersaaret

Alexander Archipelago

Alfa Centauri ∼ α Centauri [alfa kentauri]

Alpha Centauri

Similarly for other names of stars.

Alfeus : Alfeuksen

Alphaeus

Biblical

Alfonso

Afonso

Monarchs.

Alfred Suuri

Alfred the Great

Alger [alžee] : Alger’ssa : Alger’hen

Algiers

City.

Algeria

Algeria

Country.

Alkaios : Alkaioksen

Alcaeus

Alkestis : Alkestiksen

Alcestis

Alkibiades : Alkibiadeen

Alcibiades

allting

Althing

Alpit : Alpeilla

the Alps

al-Qaida [al kaida]

Al Qaeda ∼ Al Qaida

Alsace [alsas] (: Alsacessa [alsasessa])

Alsace

Altai : Altailla

Altai ∼ Altay

Amadeus : Amadeuksen

Amadeo

Monarchs.

Amazon [amatson]

Amazon

River.

Amazonia [amatsonia], Amazonin alue

Amazonia

Older form in Finnish: Amazonas.

Ambomaa : Ambomaalla ∼ Ambomaassa

Ovamboland ∼ Owamboland

Ambrosius : Ambrosiuksen

Ambrose

Father of the Church.

Amerikan konfederoituneet valtiot ∼ Etelävaltiot ∼ Konfederaatio

the Confederate States of America

Amerikka : Amerikassa

America

Often refers to the USA, but may also refer to the Americas,

Amerikka ∼ Amerikan manner

the Americas

Amudarja

Amu Darya

Earlier spelling Amu-Darja.

Anakreon

Anacreon

Anastasia ∼ Anastasija

Anastasia ∼ Anastasiya

Russian first name.

Anatolia

Anatolia

In Turkish: Anadolu.

Andalusia

Andalusia

In Spanish: Andalucía.

Andalusian vuorimaa

Baetic Mountains

Andamaanit

Andaman Islands ∼ Andamans

Andit : Andeilla

Andes, the

Andreas : Andreaan

Andrew

Biblical. Inflected Andreas : Andreaksen in the new (1992) translation.

Androclus : Androcluksen

Androcles ∼ Androclus

Andronikos Kyrroslainen

Andronicus of Cyrrhus

Ankyra

Ancyra

Now Ankara.

Anna Itävaltalainen

Anne of Austria

Anna Kleveläinen

Anne of Cleves

Anna Maria

Anne-Marie

Queen.

Anna Stuart

Anne, Queen

Antaios : Antaioksen

Antaeus

Antarktis : Antarktiksella ∼ Antarktiksessa

Antarctis

Cf. Etelämanner.

Antigua ja Barbuda : Antigua ja Barbudassa

Antigua and Barbuda

antikristus : antikristuksen

Antichrist

Antikythera

Antikythera

Antillit : Antilleilla

Antilles

Antiokia

Antiochia ∼ Antiochea

Antonius : Antoniuksen (la)

Anthony

In ancient Rome.

Antrea

Kamennogorsk

Now in Russia.

Antwerpen [antverpen] : Antwerpenissa ∼ Antwerpenissä

Antwerp

The form Antverpen is now rare in Finnish.

Aostanlaakso

Aosta Valley

Apatiitti : Apatiitissa

Apatity

Apenniinit : Apenniineillä

Apennines, the

apokryfikirjat

Apocrypha

Apollon : Apollonin

Apollo

Ancient god. The form Apollo is also used in Finnish.

Apostolien teot

Acts

A book of the Bible.

apostolinen uskontunnustus

Apostles’ Creed

Appalakit

Appalachian Mountains

Arabianmeri

Arabian Sea, the

Arabiemiraatit

the Arab Emirates

Arafuranmeri ∼ Arafurameri

Arafura Sea

Aragonia

Aragon

Araljärvi

Aral Sea

Ardennit : Ardenneilla

the Ardennes

Areios : Areioksen

Arius

Argentiina

Argentina

Argoliinlahti

Argolic Gulf

Argolis : Argoliin

Argolis

Aristarkhos Samoslainen

Aristarchus of Samos

Aristofanes : Aristofaneen

Aristophanes

aristoteelinen

Aristotelian

Aristoteles : Aristoteleen : Aristoteleeseen

Aristotle

The philosopher.

Arizona [aritsona]

Arizona

Arkadia

Arcadia

In Greece.

Arkangeli

Archangel

Arkansas : Arkansasissa

Arkansas

Arkhimedes : Arkhimedeen

Archimedes

Arktinen saaristo

Arctic Archipelago

Arktis : Arktiksessa ∼ Arktiksella

Arctic, the

Arnheminmaa : Arnheminmaassa

Arnhem Land

Artakserkses : Artakserkseen

Artaxerxes

Asasel

Azazel

Ascension [əsénšən]

Ascension Island

Ašgabat ∼ Aşgabat [ašgabat]

Ashgabat ∼ Askhgabad

Earlier form (from Russian): Ašhabad.

Ashmoren- ja Cartier’nsaaret [äšmooren ja kartjeen saaret]

Ashmore and Cartier Islands

Asklepios : Asklepioksen

Aesculapius

Asklepios : Asklepioksen

Asclepius

Asova

Azov

Asser

Asher

Biblical.

Assuan

Aswan ∼ Assuan

Astrahan

Astrakhan

Earlier form Astrakan also used.

Asturia

Asturias

Ateena

Athens

City in Greece.

Athanasios [atanaasios] ∼ Athanasius [atanaasius]

Athanasius

Athene [atene]

Athene ∼ Athena

Goddess.

Athos [atos ~ athos] : Athoksella

Mount Athos

Atlantti : Atlantilla

the Atlantic

Atlas (: Atlaksella) ∼ Atlasvuoret

Atlas Mountains

Atlas : Atlaksen ∼ Atlaan

Atlas

Mythological.

Attika

Attica

Augeias : Augeiaan

Augeas ∼ Augeias

Augustinus : Augustinuksen

St Augustine

Aunus : Aunuksessa

Olonets

In Russia.

Aurelianus [aureliaanus] : Aurelianuksen

Aurelian

Aurora [auroora]

Aurora

Australasia

Australasia

The term is rarely used in Finnish.

australialainen alue

Australasian ecozone

Australian Kordillieerit

Great Dividing Range

Aventinus : Aventinuksella

Aventine Hill

Averroës : Averroëksen

Averroes ∼ Averroës

Azerbaidžan

Azerbaijan

Azorit [asorit ∼ atsorit] : Azoreilla

Azores

Baabel ∼ Babylon

Babel ∼ Babylon

Baabel in 1933 Bible, Babylon in 1992.

Babylonia

Babylonia

Baffininlahti

Baffin Bay

Baffininsaari

Baffin Island

Earlier Baffininmaa.

Bagdad

Baghdad

baha’i [bahaaii ∼ bahai] : baha’in : baha’ihin [bahaaiihin]

Bahá’í Faith

Bahama (: Bahamalla ∼ Bahamassa) ∼ Bahamasaaret (: Bahamasaarilla)

Bahamas, the

Bahrain

Bahrain ∼ Bahrein

Baijeri

Bavaria

Baikal

Baykal ∼ Baikal

Baikalin–Amurin rata

Baikal-Amur Main Line

Bakkhos (: Bakkhoksen) ∼ Bacchus [bakkus] (: Bacchuksen)

Bacchus

Same as Dionysos.

Baleaarit : Baleaareilla

Balearic Islands ∼ Baleares

Balkan : Balkanilla

Balkans

Balkaš

Balkhash ∼ Balqash

Baltia ∼ Baltian maat

Baltic countries ∼ Baltics

Baltian; balttilainen; Itämeren

Baltic

Baluchistan [-utši-] ∼ Belutšistan

Balochistan ∼ Baluchistan

Banat ∼ Baanaatti (: Baanaatissa)

Banat

Barbados : Barbadoksella (∼ Barbadoksessa ∼ Barbadosilla ∼ Barbadosissa)

Barbados

Barentsinmeri

Barents Sea

Bartolomeus : Bartolomeuksen

Bartholomew

Biblical.

Basel [baasel]

Basel ∼ Basle

Basileos Suuri

Basil the Great

Baskimaa : Baskimaassa

Basque Country

Bastilji

Bastille

Baškiria ∼ Baškortostan

Bashkiria ∼ Bashkortostan

Bastilji

Bastille

Beelsebub

Beelzebub

In the Bible Beelsebul (1938) ∼ Belsebul (1992).

Beetlehem

Bethlehem

Biblical. Betlehem in 1992 translation.

Beetsaida

Bethsaida

Biblical. Betsaida in 1992 translation.

Beettiset vuoret

Baetic Mountains

Belgia

Belgium

Belgrad ∼ Beograd

Belgrade

Benedictus : Benedictuksen

Benedict

Popes.

Bengali

Bengal

Bengasi

Benghazi ∼ Banghazi

Berliini

Berlin

Bermuda : Bermudalla ∼ Bermudassa

Bermuda ∼ the Bermudas

Bern

Berne ∼ Bern

Bernhard

Bernard

Saints.

Betelgeuze [betelgeuse]

Betelgeuse

Betšuanamaa

Bechuanaland

Bioko

Bioco ∼ Bioko

Former Fernando Póo.

Biskajanlahti

Bay of Biscay

Bismarckinsaaret

Bismarck Archipelago

Bodenjärvi [boodenjärvi]

Lake Constance

Boiotia

Boeotia

Bolšoi-teatteri

Bolshoi Theater

Bonifatius : Bonifatiuksen

Boniface

Popes.

Booas : Booaan

Boaz

Biblical. Boas in 1992 translation

Bosnia-Hertsegovina (: Bosnia-Hertsegovinassa) ∼ Bosnia ja Hertsegovina (: Bosnia ja Hertsegovinassa)

Bosnia and Herzegovina ∼ Bosnia-Herzegovina

Bospori

Bosphorus ∼ Bosporus

Bourgogne [burgonje]

Burgundy

Bouvet’nsaari [buveensaari]

Bouvet Island

Brahe [braahe], Tyko ∼ Tycho [tyko]

Brahe, Tycho

Brasilia

Brazil

Country.

Brasília

Brasilia

City.

Braunschweig [braunšvaig]

Brunswick ∼ Braunschweig

In Germany.

Brazzavillen [bratsavillen] Kongo

Congo-Brazzaville

Breslau

Wrocław

In history; otherwise Wrocław.

Bretagne [bretanje]

Brittany

Brežnev [breežnev]

Brezhnev

Brisbane [brisbein]

Brisbane

Britannia

Britain

Britteinsaaret : Britteinsaarilla

British Isles

Brittiläinen kansainyhteisö

British Commonwealth (Commonwealth of Nations)

Brittiläinen Kolumbia

British Columbia

Brugge

Bruges

Bryssel

Brussels

Buhara

Bukhara

Bukarest

Bucharest

Burgundi

Burgundy

Especially in history; otherwise often Bourgogne.

Burjatia

Buryatia

Bysantti : Bysantissa

Byzantium ∼ Byzantian Empire

Böhmerwald [böömervald ∼ böömervalt]

Bohemian Forest

Böömi

Bohemia

Cádiz [kaadis]

Cadiz

Caelius [keelius] : Caeliuksella

Caelian Hill

Caesar [keesar]

Caesar ∼ Cæsar

Calabria ∼ Kalabria

Calabria

Calais [kalee] : Calais’ssa : Calais’hen

Calais

Calais’nsalmi [kaleensalmi]

Dover Strait ∼ Strait of Dover

Calais’nsalmi [kaleensalmi]

Strait of Dover ∼ Dover Strait

Calixtus : Calixtuksen

Callistus

Popes.

Calvin [kalvin ∼ kalvään], Jean [žaan]

Calvin, John

Campagna [kampanja]

Campagna

Campagna di Roma.

Capitol Hill ∼ Capitol-kukkula ∼ Capitolkukkula

Capitol Hill

In the USA.

Capitolinus : Capitolinuksella

Capitoline Hill

In Rome.

Caymansaaret [keimänsaaret ∼ keimansaaret]

Cayman Islands

Celestinus [kelestinus ∼ selestinus] : Celestinuksen

Celestine

Popes.

Celsius [selsius]

Celsius

Degree Celsius = celsiusaste.

charolais [šarolee] : charolais’n

Charolais

Cattle breed.

Charolais [šarolee] : Charolais’ssa : Charolais’hen

Charolais

Area in France.

charollais [šarolee] : charollais’n

Charollais

Sheep breed.

Chennai [tšennai] ∼ Madras

Chennai

Still often known as Madras.

Chile [tšiile]

Chile

Chişinǎu [kišinau]

Kishinev

Earlier Kišinov ∼ Kišinev.

Code Napoléon [kod napoleon] ∼ Code civil [kod sivil]

Napoleonic Code

Colorado [kolorado ∼ koloraado]

Colorado

But koloradonkuoriainen.

Colosseum

Coliseum ∼ Colisseum ∼ Colosseum

In Rome.

Columbian piirikunta ∼ Columbian liittopiirikunta

District of Columbia

Comojärvi [koomojärvi] ∼ Lago di Como [laago di koomo]

Lake Como

Cyprianus [kypriaanus] : Cyprianuksen

Cyprian

Daakia

Dacia

Daan

Dan

Biblical. Dan in 1992 translation.

Daavid

David

Biblical.

Dagestan

Dagestan ∼ Daghestan

Daidalos : Daidaloksen

Daedalus

dalai-lama

Dalai Lama

Damaskos : Damaskoksessa

Damascus

Dardanellit : Dardanelleilla

Dardanelles

Dareios : Dareioksen

Darius

Monarchs.

Darwin [darvin]

Darwin

darwinismi ∼ darvinismi

Darwinism

Debora

Deborah

Biblical.

Diina

Dinah

Biblical. Dina in 1992 translation.

Dinaariset Alpit ∼ Dinaariset alpit

Dinaric Alps ∼ Dinarides

Dinaariset vuoret

Dinaric Mountains,

Diocletianus [diokletiaanus] : Diocletianuksen

Diocletian

Dnepr [dnjeepr]

Dnieper

Dnestr [dnjeestr]

Dniester

Dobrudža

Dobruja ∼ Dobrudja

Dodekanesia

the Dodecanese

Doggermatalikko

Dogger Bank

Dojranjärvi ∼ Doiranjärvi

Dojran Lake

Dolomiitit

the Dolomites

Dominikaaninen tasavalta

the Dominican Republic

Domitianus [domitiaanus] : Domitianuksen

Domitian

Don Quijote [don kihote ∼ don kihoote]

Don Quixote ∼ Don Quijote

Donets

Seversky Donets

Donin allas

Donets Basin ∼ Donbass ∼ Donbas

Donin Rostov ∼ Rostov-na-Donu

Rostov-on-Don

Dostojevski, Fjodor

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor

Douro

Duero ∼ Douro

Drakon

Draco

Personal name in antiquity.

Drava [draava]

Drava ∼ Drave

Dunkerque [dunkerkue]

Dunkirk

Dušanbe

Dushanbe

Eeden

Eden

Biblical.

Eerik

Eric

Kings.

Eerik Pommerilainen

Eric of Pomerania

Eerik Voittoisa

Eric the Victorious

Eesti

Estonia

Viro is more common and recommended name.

Eesau

Esau

Biblical. Esau in 1992 translation.

Eeva

Eve

Biblical.

Efesolaiskirje

Ephesians

Epistle to the Ephesians, Kirje efesolaisille.

Efesos : Efesoksessa

Ephesus

Old form Efeso.

Egeanmeri ∼ Aigeianmeri

Aegean Sea

Edvard

Edward

Kings.

Egypti

Egypt

Eleusis : Eleusiissa

Elefsina ∼ Eleusina ∼ Eleusis

Elias : Eliaan

Elias ∼ Elijah

Biblical. Elia in 1992 translation.

Elisabet

Elizabeth

Biblical. Also queens.

Elsass

Alsace

Mostly in history only, otherwise Alsace.

Eläinrata : Eläinradan

the Zodiac

Emajoki : Emajoen

Emajõgi

Emiraatit : Emiraateissa

the Emirates

Englannin kanaali

the (English) Channel

Englanti : Englannissa

England

Often used to denote Great Britain.

Enso

Svetogorsk

Now in Russia.

Eoliset saaret

Aeolian Islands

Same as Liparisaaret.

Epeiros : Epeiroksessa

Epirus ∼ Epeirus

Epidauros : Epidauroksessa

Epidaurus

Epiktetos : Epiktetoksen

Epictetus

Erebos : Ereboksen

Erebus

Ancient god.

Erzgebirge [ertsgebirge]

the Ore Mountains

Espanja

Spain

espanjalainen

Spanish

Esquilinus : Esquilinuksella

Esquiline Hill

Esra

Ezra

Biblical.

Etelä-Georgia ja Eteläiset Sandwichsaaret [sändwitšsaaret]

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

Eteläinen jäämeri

Southern Ocean ∼ Antarctic Ocean

eteläinen napapiiri

Antarctic Circle

Eteläiset Sandwichsaaret [sändwitšsaaret]

South Sandwich Islands

Etelä-Kiinan meri

South China Sea

Etelämanner : Etelämantereella ∼

Antarctica

Often synonymous with Antarktis, but may be used so that islands are excluded.

Etelän Kolmio

Triangulum Australe

Etelän Kruunu

Corona Australis ∼ Corona Austrina

Etelän risti ∼ Etelänristi

Southern Cross ∼ Crux

Constellation.

Etelänapa

South Pole

Etelä-Tiroli

Alto Adige ∼ South Tyrol

Etelävaltiot

the Confederacy

Etiopia

Ethiopia

Etna

Aetna ∼ Etna

Etu-Aasia

Southwestern Asia

Etu-Pommeri

Cispomerania ∼ Hither Pomerania

Euboia

Euboea

Eufrat

Euphrates

Eugenius : Eugeniuksen

Eugene

Popes.

Eukleides : Eukleideen

Euclid

euklidinen

Euclidean

Euraasia

Eurasia

Euripos : Euripoksessa

Euripus

Euroopan hymni

Anthem of Europe

Cf. Oodi ilolle.

Euroopan unioni

European Union

Eurooppa : Euroopassa

Europe

Europe

Europa

Goddess.

Fabianus : Fabianuksen

Fabian

Pope.

Fahrenheit [faarenhait]

Fahrenheit

Degree Fahrenheit = fahrenheitaste.

Falklandinsaaret

Falkland Islands

Faros : Faroksessa

Pharos

Feidias : Feidiaan

Phidias ∼ Pheidias

Fennoskandia

Fennoscandia ∼ Fenno-Scandinavia

Fes

Fes ∼ Fez

In Morocco.

Fidži : Fidžissä (∼ Fidžillä)

Fiji

Filemon

Philemon

Biblical.

Filip

Philip

Monarchs.

Filippiinit : Filippiineillä

the Philippines

Filippiläiskirje

Philippians

Book of the Bible.

Filippos : Filippoksen

Philip

Kings of Macedonia.

Filippus : Filippuksen

Philip

Biblical.

Filistea

Philistia

Firenze [firentse]

Florence

Fjodor

Feodor ∼ Fyodor

Russian first name.

Flanderi

Flanders

Flaviuksen; Flaviusten

Flavian

Flaviusten amfiteatteri

Flavian Amphitheatre

Same as Colosseum.

Fobos : Foboksen

Phobos

Ancient god.

Foinikia

Phoenicia

Franciscus [fransiskus] Assisilainen

Francis of Assisi

Franken

Franconia

Frans

Francis ∼ Franz

Monarchs.

Frans Joosefin maa

Francis Joseph’s Land ∼ Franz Josef Land

Fredrik

Frederick

Monarchs.

Freija ∼ Freyja [freija]

Freyja

Friisein saaret

Frisian Islands

Friisein saaret

Wadden Islands ∼ Wadden Sea Islands

Friisinmaa ∼ Friesland [friisland]

Friesland

As historical area Friisinmaa, as modern province Friesland.

Fryygia

Phrygia

Fudži ∼ Fuji [fudži]

Fuji

Still often Fudžijama ∼ Fujiyama.

Fyn [fyyn]

Funen

Färsaaret [fäärsaaret]

Faroe Islands

Gaad

Gad

Biblical. Gad in 1992 translation.

Galápagossaaret

Galapagos Islands

Galatalaiskirje

Galatians

Epistle to the Galatians, Kirje galatalaisille-

Galaţi [galatsi ∼ galati]

Galati

In Romania.

Galatia

Galatia

Ancient province in Rome (now part of Turkey).

Galicia [galisia]

Galicia

In Spain.

Galilea

Galilee

Galitsia

Galicia ∼ Galizia ∼ Halychyna

In Eastern Europe.

Gallia

Gaul

Historical area.

gallialainen

Gaul

Name for a member of an ancient people

Ganges

Ganga ∼ Ganges

Gardajärvi

Lake Garda

Gascogne [gaskonje]

Gascony

Geneve

Geneva

In Switzerland.

Genevenjärvi ∼ Genevejärvi

Lake Geneva ∼ Lake Léman

Genevenjärvi is recommended.

Genesaret

Gennesaret

In Bible translations Gennesaret.

Genova

Genoa ∼ Genua

In Italy.

Gent

Ghent

Gilgameš

Gilgamesh

Golfvirta

Gulf Stream

Golgata : Golgatalla

Calvary ∼ Golgotha

Golgata : Golgatalla

Golgotha

Goljat

Goliath

Goog

Gog

Biblical. Gog in 1992 translation.

Gorbatšov

Gorbachev

Gordianus [gordiaanus] : Gordianuksen

Gordian

Emperors-

Gordionin solmu

Gordian Knot

Gotlanti : Gotlannissa

Gotland

Graubünden [graudynden]

Grisons ∼ Graubünden

gregoriaaninen

Gregorian

Gregorius : Gregoriuksen

Gregory

Popes.

Gregorius Toursilainen

Gregory of Tours

Gruusia

Gruzia

Former name; now Georgia.

Grönlanti [gröönlanti] : Grönlannissa

Greenland

Guayana [guajana]

Guiana

Contains Guyana, Suriname and Ranskan Guayana.

Guyana [gujana]

Guyana

Former British Guiana.

Guyenne [gijen] : Guyennessa (∼ Guyennessä) [gijennessä]

Guienne ∼ Guyenne

In France.

Götanmaa [jöötanmaa] : Götanmaalla

Gothland ∼ Götaland

Göteborg [jööttebori]

Gothenburg ∼ Goteborg

Haades : Haadeksen : Haadeksessa

Hades

Haag

the Hague

Haam

Ham

Biblical.

Haaparanta : Haaparannalla ∼ Haaparannassa

Haparanda

In Sweden. Inflection Haaparannalla is recommended.

Hadrianus [hadriaanus] : Hadrianuksen

Hadrian

Emperor.

Hagia Sofia

Hagia Sophia

Hakassia

Khakassia

Halikarnassos : Halikarnassoksessa

Halicarnassus

Now Bodrum.

Halland ∼ Hallanti (: Hallannissa)

Halland

The form Hallanti is rare.

Hampuri

Hamburg

Hania ∼ Chania

Chania, Khania, Xania

Hannover

Hanover

hansa-

Hanseatic

hansa ∼ hansaliitto

Hanse ∼ Hansa

Harinkurkku : Harinkurkussa

Hari kurk

Harkova

Kharkiv ∼ Kharkov

Harmagedon

Armageddon

Biblical. Harmageddon in 1992 translation.

Hatšaturjan

Khachaturian

Hatšepsut

Hatshepsut ∼ Hatchepsut

Havaiji : Havaijilla

Hawaii

Havanna

Havana

Heard ja McDonaldinsaaret [həəd ja mäkdonaldinsaaret] ∼ Heard ja McDonaldinsaarilla

Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Hebridit

Hebrides

Heinätori

Sennaya Square

Helena ∼ Helene

Helen

In antiquity.

Helgoland

Heligoland

Earlier also Helgolanti.

Helgoländer Bucht [helgolender buht] ∼ Helgolandinlahti

Heligoland Bight

Hellas : Hellaan

Hellas

Poetic name for Greece.

Helleenien tasavalta

Hellenic Republic

Greece.

Hellespontos : Hellespontoksessa

Hellespont

Now Dardanellit.

Helsingør [helsingöör]

Elsinore

City in Denmark.

Henrik

Henry

Monarchs and princes.

Heprealaiskirje

Hebrews

A book in the Bible.

Herakles (: Herakleen) ∼ Herkules (: Herkuleen)

Hercules ∼ Heracles

In compounds Herkules, e.g. herkuleskuoriainen.

Herodes : Herodeksen

Herod

Herodotos : Herodotoksen

Herodotus

Hersonisos (: Hersonisoksessa) ∼ Hersonissos

Chersonissos ∼ Hersonissos

Hertsegovina

Hercegovina ∼ Herzegovina

Hesekiel

Ezekiel

Biblical.

Hesiodos : Hesiodoksen

Hesiod

Hessen

Hesse ∼ Hessia

Part of Germany.

Hieronymus : Hieronymuksen

St. Jerome

Hiidenmaa : Hiidenmaalla

Hiiumaa

In Estonia.

Himalaja

the Himalayas

Hindukuš

Hindu Kush ∼ Hindukush

Hippokrates : Hippokrateen

Hippocrates

Hiroshima ∼ Hirošima

Hiroshima

Hoek van Holland [huk fan holland]

Hook of Holland, the

Hollanti : Hollannissa

Holland

Generally used instead of Alankomaat.

Horatius : Horatiuksen

Horace

Houtskari

Houtskar

Hovanštšina

Khovanshchina

Hruštšov

Khrushchev

Huippuvuoret : Huippuvuorilla

Svalbard

Hymettos : Hymettoksen

Hymettus

Hyväntoivonniemi

Cape of Good Hope

Häme : Hämeessä

Tavastia

Händel [hendel]

Handel

Composer.

Härkä : Härän

the Bull ∼ Taurus

Constellation. In horoscope contexts, written in lowercase in Finnish.

Iason

Jason

Mythological.

Iberian niemimaa

Iberian Peninsula

Idavuori

Ida ∼ Mount Ida

Iisak

Isaac

Biblical.

Iisakinkirkko

Saint Isaac’s Cathedral

In St. Petersburg.

Iivana

Ivan

Czars.

Iivana Julma

Ivan the Terrible

Ikaros : Ikaroksen

Icarus

Mythological.

Ilias : Iliaan

Iliad

Ilmestyskirja ∼ Johanneksen ilmestys

Apocalypse, Revelation

A book of the Bible.

Indokiina

Indochina

Indus : Induksen

Indus

Ingušia

Ingushetia

Inkeri : Inkerissä ∼ Inkerinmaa : Inkerinmaalla

Ingria

Inkoo

Ingå

In Swedish-speaking area of Finland.

Innocentius [innokentius ∼ innosentius] : Innocentiuksen

Innocent

Popes.

internet (∼ Internet) : internetin : internetiin [internettiin ∼ internetiin]

the Internet

Intia

India

intiaani

American Indian

intialainen

Indian

Relating to India.

Intian niemimaa

Indian subcontinent

Irak

Iraq

Irakin; irakilainen

Iraqi

Iravadi ∼ Irawadi

Ayeyarwady ∼ Irrawaddy

Irlannin; irlantilainen

Irish

Irlanninmeri

Irish Sea

Irlanti : Irlannissa

Ireland

Irtyš

Irtysh

Isabella

Isabella

Queens.

Isaskar

Issachar

Biblical.

Isis : Isiksen

Isis

Islanti : Islannissa

Iceland

Ismael

Ishmael

Biblical.

Iso-Britannia : Isossa-Britanniassa

Great Britain

Britannia is preferred.

Iso kanava

Grand Canal

In China.

Iso Karhu

Great Bear ∼ Ursa Major

Constellation.

Iso Karhujärvi : Isolla Karhujärvellä

Great Bear Lake

Iso Orjajärvi

Great Slave Lake

Iso Suolajärvi

Great Salt Lake

Iso-Belt : Isossa-Beltissä

Great Belt, the

Iso-Syrtti : Isossa-Syrtissä

Great Sirte ∼ Great Syrtis

Iso-Syrtti : Isossa-Syrtissä

Gulf of Sidra ∼ Gulf of Sirte

Isot Sundasaaret

Greater Sunda Islands

Isot-Antillit : Isoilla-Antilleilla

Greater Antilles

Istanbul [istambul]

Istanbul

Ithaka

Ithaca

Itä-Ghatit : Itä-Ghateilla ∼ Itä-Ghats : Itä-Ghatsissa

Eastern Ghats ∼ Eastern Ghauts

Itä-Götanmaa [itäjöötanmaa] : Itä-Götanmaalla

East Gothland ∼ Östergötland

Itä-Kiinan meri

East China Sea

Itämeri

the Baltic (Sea)

Itävalta

Austria

Itävalta-Unkari

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Itä-Virumaa : Itä-Virumaalla

Ida-Viru ∼ Ida-Virumaa

Jaafet

Japhet ∼ Japheth

Biblical. Jafet in 1992 translation.

Jaakko : Jaakon

James

Kings.

Jaakob

Jacob ∼ James

Biblical.

Jaakobin kirje

James

Book of the Bible.

Jaava : Jaavalla

Java

Island.

Jahve

Yahweh

Jakutia ∼ Saha

Yakutia ∼ Sakha

Jakutsk

Yakutsk

Jalopeura

Leo ∼ Lion

Constellation. Cf. leijona.

Jalta : Jaltalla ∼ Jaltassa

Yalta

Jalujoki

Yalu River

Jamaika

Jamaica

Jangtse

Chang Jiang, Yangtze, Yangzi

Japani

Japan

Japaninmeri

East Sea ∼ Sea of Japan

Jeanne d’Arc [žan dark]

Joan of Arc

Jedda [jedda ∼ džedda]

Jeddah ∼ Jedda ∼ Jiddah ∼ Jidda

Jeesus : Jeesuksen

Jesus

Jeesus Nasaretilainen

Jesus of Nazareth

Jehova

Jehovah

Used in Finnish mostly by Jehova’s wittnesses only. Cf. Jahve.

Jekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg

Jeltsin

Yeltsin

Jemen

Yemen

Jenisei

Yenisei ∼ Yenisey

Jeremia

Jeremiah

Biblical.

Jerevan

Yerevan

Jeriko

Jericho

Jesaja

Isaiah

Biblical.

Jevgenia ∼ Jevgenija

Evgenia ∼ Evgeniya ∼ Yevgeniya ∼ Yevgenia

Russian first name.

Johanna

Joanna

Queens.

Johanneksen ilmestys

Apocalypse, Revelation

A book of the Bible.

Johanneksen kirje

John

Books in the Bible.

Johannes : Johanneksen

John

Biblical persons, popes, and Byzantine emperors.

Johannes Kastaja

John the Baptist

Jokanga

Iokanga, Yokanga

Jokimukka : Jokimukassa

Jokkmokk

Also Jokkmokk.

Jokohama

Yokohama

Also Yokohama.

Joonia

Ionia

Joonian; joonialainen

Ionian

Joonianmeri

Ionian Sea

Jooniansaaret ∼ Joonian saaret

Ionian Islands

Joosef

Joseph

Biblical persons and monarchs.

Joosua

Joshua

Biblical.

Jordan

Jordan

River.

Jordania

Jordan

Country.

Josif Stalin

Joseph Stalin

Joškar-Ola

Yoshkar-Ola

Joulupukki

Santa Claus ∼ Santa

Joulusaari : Joulusaarella (∼ Joulusaaressa)

Christmas Island

Jousimies : Jousimiehen

Archer ∼ Sagittarius

Constellation. In horoscope contexts, written in lowercase in Finnish.

Jovianus [joviaanus] : Jovianuksen

Jovian

Jugoslavia

Yugoslavia

Juhana

John

Monarchs.

Juhana Maaton : Juhana Maattoman

John Lackland

Jukatan ∼ Yucatán

Yucatan

Peninsula.

Jukatanin kanaali ∼ Yucatánin kanaali

Yucatan Channel

Julia [juulia ∼ julia]

Juliet

In Romeo and Juliet.

juliaaninen; Juliuksen

Julian

Juliaaniset Alpit ∼ Juliset Alpit

Julian Alps

Julianus [juliaanus] : Julianuksen

Julian

Emperors.

Juliusten–Claudiusten suku

Julio-Claudian dynasty

Juppiter

Jove

Ancient Roman god.

Justinianus : Justinianuksen

Justinian

Emperors.

Justinus : Justinuksen

Justin

Emperors.

Juuda

Judah

Biblical.

Juudas : Juudaksen ∼ Juudaan

Jude

Biblical.

Juudas Iskariot

Judas Iscariot

Juudea ∼ Juuda

Judea

Juutinrauma

Øresund

Juvenalis [juvenaalis] : Juvenaliksen

Juvenal

Jyllanti : Jyllannissa

Jutland

Earlier also Juutinmaa.

Jällivaara

Gällivare

In Sweden.

Jämtlanti [jemtlanti] (: Jämtlannissa) ∼ Jämtland [jemtland]

Jämtland

In Sweden.

Jäämeri ∼ Pohjoinen jäämeri

Arctic Ocean ∼ Arctic Sea

Kaarasjoki

Karasjok

In Sweden.

Kaaresuvanto : Kaaresuvanto

Karesuando

In Sweden.

Kaarina Maununtytär

Karin Månsdotter

Kaarle

Charles

Monarchs.

Kaarle Suuri

Charlemagne

Kabardi-Balkaria

Kabardino-Balkaria

Kain

Cain

Biblical.

Kairo

Cairo

Kaksoisvirranmaa

Mesopotamia

Old historical name.

Kaksoset : Kaksosten

Gemini ∼ Twins

Constellation. In horoscope contexts, written in lowercase in Finnish, usually in singular: kaksonen.

Kalastajasaarento : Kalastajasaarennossa ∼ Kalastajasaarennolla

Rybachy Peninsula

Kalat : Kalojen

the Fish ∼ Pisces

Constellation. In horoscope contexts, written in lowercase in Finnish, usually in singular: kala.

Kaledonian kanava

Caledonian Canal

Kaledonidit : Kaledonideilla

Caledonides

Kalifornia

California

Kalifornian niemimaa

Baja California Peninsula ∼ Baja Peninsula

Kalifornianlahti

Gulf of California

Kalkutta (: Kalkutassa) ∼ Kolkata

Calcutta

Kallas : Kallaksen ∼ Kallasin

Kallas

Inflected Kallaksen as Finnish name, Kallisin as Estonian name.

Kalliope

Calliope

Muse.

Kalliovuoret

Rocky Mountains

Kalliovuorten aika

Mountain Standard Time

Kalmukia

Kalmykia

kalvinismi

Calvinism

Kambodža

Cambodia

Kamerun

Cameroon

Kamtšatka

Kamchatka

Kanaalisaaret

Channel Islands

Kanaalitunneli ∼ Kanaalin tunneli

Channel Tunnel

Kanaan

Canaan

Biblical person.

Kanaaninmaa ∼ Kaanaanmaa ∼ Kaanaa

Canaan

Biblical area.

Kalabria

Calabria

Also spelled Calabria.

Kanada

Canada

Kanariansaaret

Canary Islands

Colloquially Kanaria : Kanarialla.

Kannas : Kannaksella

Karelian Isthmus

Common short form of Karjalankannas.

Kansainliitto

League of Nations

Kansainyhteisö

Commonwealth of Nations

Kantabria

Cantabria

Kantalahti : Kantalahdessa

Kandalaksha

Kanton

Canton

Same as Guangzhou.

Kap Horn

Cape Horn

Kap Verde : Kap Verdessä (∼ Kap Verdellä)

Cape Verde

Kapkaupunki

Cape Town

Kapmaa : Kapmaassa : Kapmaahan

Cape Colony

Karaganda

Karaganda ∼ Karagandy

Karatšai-Tšerkessia

Karachai-Cherkessia

Karavankit : Karavankeilla

Karavanke

Karhumäki : Karhumäessä

Medvezhyegorsk

Karhunvartija

Bootes ∼ Boötes

Karhusaari

Bear Island

In Svalbard.

Karibia : Karibialla

the Caribbean

Karibianmeri

Caribbean Sea

Karjala

Karelia

Karjalankannas : Karjalankannaksella

Karelian Isthmus

Previously, and still in common use, Karjalan kannas.

Karlsbad [kaarlsbaad]

Carlsbad

Mostly a historical name. Now Karlovy Vary.

karoliini

Carolean

In history of Sweden.

Karoliinit

Caroline Islands

karolinginen

Carolingian

Karpaatit

Carpathians ∼ Carpathian Mountains

Karpato-Ukraina ∼ Karpatorutenia

Carpatho-Ukraine

Karthago [kartago]

Carthage

Kasan

Kazan

Now mostly written Kazan.

Kašgar ∼ Kashi [kaši]

Kashgar ∼ Kashi

Kaskadit ∼ Kaskadivuoret ∼ Kaskadivuoristo

Cascade Range ∼ Cascades

Kašmir

Kashmir

More often Kashmir.

Kastilia

Castile

Kasubia

Kashubia

Katalauniset kentät

Catalaunian Plains

Katalonia

Catalonia

Katariina

Catherine

Monarchs.

Katmandu

Kathmandu

Also Kathmandu.

Kaukasia

Caucasia

kaukasialainen

Caucasian

Relating to the Caucasus region. As ethnicity name, Caucasian is e.g. valkoihoinen or europidi.

Kaukasus : Kaukasuksella

Caucasus

Kaukoitä : Kaukoidässä

Far East

Kaunas : Kaunasissa

Kaunas ∼ Kovno

Kauriin kääntöpiiri

Tropic of Capricorn

Kauris : Kauriin

Capricorn ∼ Capricornus

Constellation. In horoscope contexts, written in lowercase in Finnish,

Kazakstan [kasakstan]

Kazakhstan

Keelingsaaret [kiilingsaaret]

Keeling Islands

Same as Kookossaaret.

Keltainenjoki

Yellow River

Same as Huang He.

Keltainenmeri

Yellow Sea

Kemiö

Kimito

In Swedish-speaking area in Finland.

Kenia

Kenya

Kertš

Kerch

Kesarea

Caesarea

Keski-Afrikan tasavalta

Central African Republic

Keskilänsi

Midwest ∼ Middle West

Khaibarsola [kaibarsola] ∼ Khybersola [kaibersola]

Khyber Pass

Kharon

Charon

In Greek mythology; moon of Pluto.

Khartum [kartum]

Khartoum

Khios : Khioksella (∼ Khioksessa)

Chios

Also Chios.

Kiestinki : Kiestingissä

Kestenga

In Russia.

Kiina

China

Kiinan muuri

Great Wall of China

Kiiruna

Kiruna

In Sweden.

Kilikia

Cilicia

Kilimandžaro [kilimandžaaro]

Kilimanjaro

Also Kilimanjaro.

Kinshasan [kinšasan] Kongo

Congo-Kinshasa

Formerly Zaire.

Kioto

Kyoto

Kiova

Kiev

Kirgiisiaro ∼ Kirgiisienaro

Kazakh Steppe ∼ Kirghiz Steppe

Kirgisia ∼ Kirgistan ∼ Kirgisistan

Kyrgyzstan

Kirje Filemonille

Philemon

Book in the Bible.

Kirje Tiitukselle

Titus

Book in the Bible. The 1992 translation uses the spelling Titukselle.

Kirje Timoteukselle

Timothy

Books in the Bible.

Kirkkoniemi : Kirkkoniemessä

Kirkenes

In Norway

Kiušu

Kyushu

Also Kyushu.

Kleio

Clio

Muse.

Klemens

Clement

Popes.

Kleopatra

Cleopatra

Knossos : Knossoksessa

Cnossus ∼ Knossus

Knuut

Canute, Cnut

Kings.

Koblenz [koblents]

Coblence  ∼ Coblenz

Kohtla-Järvi : Kohtla-Järvessä

Kohtla-Järve

In Estonia.

Koillisväylä

Northeast Passage

Koivisto

Primorsk

Now in Russia.

Kolmio

Triangulum

Constellation.

Kolossalaiskirje

Colossians

Book in the Bible.

Kolumbia

Columbia

Country.

Kolumbus, Kristofer

Columbus, Christopher

Komorit : Komoreilla

the Comoros

Konfederaatio

the Confederacy

Konfutse ∼ Kungfutse

Confucius

Kongo

Congo

Konstantinopoli

Constantinople

Now Istanbul.

Konstantinos : Konstantinoksen

Constantine

Byzantine emperors.

Konstantinus : Konstantinuksen

Constantine

Roman emperors.

Konstanz [konstants]

Constance

City in Germany.

Kookossaaret ∼ Keelingsaaret [kiilingsaaret]

Cocos Islands ∼ Keeling Islands

Same as Keelingsaaret.

Koraani

Koran ∼ Quran

Kordillieerit : Kordillieereilla

Cordilleras

Korfu : Korfulla (∼ Korfussa)

Kerkyra ∼ Corfu

Korintti : Korintin

Corinth

In old Bible translations Korintto : Korinton.

Korinttolaiskirje

Corinthians

Books in the Bible. The 1992 translation uses the form Korinttilaiskirje.

Korkea veisu

Canticle of Canticles ∼ Canticles ∼ Song of Solomon ∼ Song of Songs

Book in the Bible. Cf. Laulujen laulu.

Korpilompolo

Korpilombolo

In Sweden.

Korppoo

Korpo

In Swedish-speaking part of Finland.

Korsika

Corsica

Kos : Kosilla [kossilla ∼ kosilla]

Kos

Kotšinkiina

Cochinchina

Koutokeino

Kautokeino

In Sweden.

Krakova

Cracow ∼ Krakow

Krapu : Kravun

Crab ∼ Cancer

Constellation. Cf. rapu.

Kravun kääntöpiiri

Tropic of Cancer

Kreeta : Kreetalla (∼ Kreetassa)

Crete

Kreikka : Kreikassa

Greece

Ylätyylissä myös Hellas : Hellaan.

Kreml

Kremlin

Krim : Krimillä

Crimea

Kristian

Christian

Monarchs.

Kristiina

Christina

Queen.

Kristiinankaupunki

Kristinestad

In Swedish-speaking area of Finland.

kristillinen

Christian

Adjective.

kristitty

Christian

General noun..

Kristoffer

Christopher

Monarchs.

Kristus : Kristuksen

Christ

Kroatia

Croatia

Kroisos : Kroisoksen

Croesus

Kronstadt [kronstat]

Kronstadt

Ks. Cronstadt.

Kronstadt [kronstat]

Cronstadt ∼ Kronstadt

Earlier form Kronstatti .

Kruunupyy

Kronoby

In Swedish-speaking area of Finland.

Ksantippa : Ksantip(p)an ∼ Ksanthippa ∼ Ksanthippe

Xanthippe

Wife of Socrates.

Ksenofon

Xenophon

Kserkses : Kserkseen

Xerxes

Kublai-kaani

Kublai Khan

Kuibyšev

Kuybyshev ∼ Kuibyshev

Kujawy

Kujawy ∼ Kuyavia ∼ Cuyavia

In Poland.

Kultainen sarvi

Golden Horn

Kultarannikko

Gold Coast

Now Ghana.

Kuningatar Maudin maa (: maalla ∼ maassa)

Queen Maud Land

Kuola

Kola

Kuollutmeri : Kuolleessameressä

Dead Sea

Kuressaari : Kuressaaressa

Kuressaare

Kuriilit

Kuril Islands

Kustaa

Gustav

Kings.

Kustaa Vaasa

Gustav Vasa

Kuuba

Cuba

Kuurinhaffi

Curonian Lagoon

Kuurinkurkku : Kuurinkurkussa

Irbe Strait ∼ Irben Strait

Kuurinmaa

Courland

Kykladit : Kykladeilla

Cyclades

Kypros : Kyproksella (∼ Kyproksessa)

Cyprus

Kyrenaika

Cyrenaica ∼ Kyrenaika

Kyrillos : Kyrilloksen

Cyril

Saints.

Kyrillos Aleksandrialainen

Cyril of Alexandria

Kythera

Cythera

Kyyros : Kyyroksen

Cyrus

Monarchs.

Käkisalmi : Käkisalmessa ∼ Käkisalmella

Priozersk

Now in Russia.

Kärnten [kernten]

Carinthia

Kölivuoristo ∼ Köli ∼ Skandit

Kolen Mountains

Same as Skandit.

Köln

Cologne

Kööpenhamina

Copenhagen

Laaban

Laban

Biblical. Laban in 1992 translation.

Laatokka : Laatokalla

Lake Ladoga

Lago di Como [laago di koomo]

Lake Como

Lakedaimon

Lacedaemon

Ancient god.

Lakedaimon

Lacedaemonia

Same as Lakonia.

Lakkadiivit : Lakkadiiveilla

Laccadive Islands

Lakkadiivit : Lakkadiiveilla

Lakshadweep

Lakonia

Laconia

Laotse

Lao Tse ∼ Laozi

Lappi : Lapissa

Lapland

Larnaka

Larnaca

Latakia

Latakia ∼ Lattakia

Latgallia

Latgalia

Latinalainen Amerikka

Latin America

Laukaa ∼ Luga

Luga

In Russia.

Laukaanjoki

Luga River

Laukaanlahti

Luga Bay

Laulujen laulu

Canticle of Canticles ∼ Canticles ∼ Song of Solomon ∼ Song of Songs

Book in the Bible in the 1992 translation. Earlier name Korkea veisu.

Lavansaari

Moshchny Island

Now in Russia.

Leea

Leah

Biblical. Lea in 1992 translation.

Leevi

Levi

Lefkas : Lefkaksessa

Lefkada ∼ Leucas ∼ Leucadia

leijona

Leo ∼ Lion

In horoscope contexts. Cf. Jalopeura.

Lemmijoki : Lemmijoella (∼ Lemmijoessa)

Lakselv

Also Lakselv in Finnish.

Lenin [lenin ∼ leenin]

Lenin

Leninski prospekt ∼ Leninin valtakatu

Leninsky Avenue

Lepontiset Alpit ∼ Lepontisilla Alpeilla

Lepontine Alps

Lesbos : Lesboksessa ∼ Lesboksella

Lesbos

Leviatan

Leviathan

Libanon

Lebanon

Libau [liibau]

Liepāja

In history. Now Liepāja.

Lidia ∼ Lidija

Lidia ∼ Lidiya

Russian first name.

Liettua

Lithuania

Liinahamari

Liinakhamari

Liivinmaa : Liivinmaalla

Livonia

Limassol

Lemesos ∼ Limassol

Limvuono

Limfjord

Linné [linnee] : Linnén : Linnéhen, Carl von [kaarl fon]

Linnaeus, Carolus

Only Linné when the surname is used alone, e.g. Linnén järjestelmä (Linnaean system).

Linnunrata : Linnunradan

Milky Way

Liparisaaret ∼ Lipariset saaret

Lipari Islands

Same as Eoliset saaret.

Liparisaaret ∼ Lipariset saaret ∼ Eoliset saaret

Lipari Islands ∼ Aeolian Islands

Lissabon

Lisbon

Livorno

Leghorn ∼ Livorno

Lofootit : Lofooteilla

Lofoten

Lohikäärme

Draco

Constellation.

Lombardia

Lombardy

Lontoo : Lontoossa : Lontooseen

London

Lorraine [loreen] : Lorrainessa [loreenessa] ∼ Lothringen [lotringen]

Lorraine

Lothringen mostly used in history.

Lucanus : Lucanuksen

Lucan

Lucian [lusian] päivä

Saint Lucy’s Day

Ludvig

Louis

Kings.

Lukianos : Lukianoksen

Lucian

Lumikki : Lumikin

Snow White

Lumpari

Lumparn

Luoteisterritoriot

Northwest Territories

Luoteisväylä

Northwest Passage

Luoto : Luodossa

Larsmo

In Swedish-speaking area of Finland.

luterilainen

Lutheran

Luther [lutter], Martti : Martin

Luther, Martin

Luukas : Luukkaan

Luke

Biblical persons and popes.

Luulaja

Luleå

In Sweden.

Luxemburg

Luxembourg

Country.

Luxemburg ∼ Luxembourg

Luxembourg ∼ Luxembourg City

City.

Luzern [lutsern]

Lucerne

Lykabettos (: Lykabettoksen) ∼ Likavittos (: Likavittosin)

Lycabettus

Lüneburginnummi [lyyneburginnummi]

Luneburg Heath ∼ Lunenburg Heath

Lyon [lioon]

Lyon ∼ Lyons

Lyydia

Lydia

Ancient country.

Lyypekki : Lyypekissä

Lubeck ∼ Luebeck

German Lübeck.

Lähi-itä : Lähi-idässä

Middle East ∼ Near East

Länsi-Ghatit : Länsi-Ghateilla ∼ Länsi-Ghats : Länsi-Ghatsissa

Sahyadri ∼ Western Ghats

Länsi-Götanmaa [länsijöötanmaa] : Länsi-Götanmaalla

Västergötland ∼ West Gothland

Länsi-Intia

West Indies

Länsipohja

Västerbotten

In Sweden.

Länsi-Virumaa : Länsi-Virumaalla

Lääne-Viru ∼ Lääne-Virumaa

In Estonia.

Länsivuono

Vestfjord

Maagog

Magog

Biblical. Magog in 1992 translation.

Maalahti : Maalahdessa

Malax

In Swedish-speaking area of Finland.

Maarianhamina

Mariehamn

In Swedish-speaking area of Finland.

Maas

Meuse ∼ Maas

River.

Madagaskar : Madagaskarissa ∼ Madagaskarilla

Madagascar

Madagaskarin; madagaskarilainen

Malagasy

Magalhães, Fernão

Magellan, Ferdinand

Magalhãesin pilvet

Magellanic Clouds

Magalhãesinsalmi

Strait of Magellan

Maggiorejärvi [madžoorejärvi] ∼ Lago Maggiore [laago madžoore]

Lake Maggiore

Makedonia

Macedonia

Makkabealaiskirja

Maccabees

Apocrypha. 1 Maccabees = 1. Makkabealaiskirja.

Maksimilian

Maximilian

Monarchs.

Malaija

Malay

Malaijien saaristo

Malay Archipelago

Malakansalmi

Strait of Malacca

Malakka : Malakassa

Malacca

Malediivit : Malediiveilla

Maldives

Malesia

Malaysia

Mallorca [majorka] : Mallorcalla

Majorca ∼ Mallorca

Mansaari [mansaari ∼ mänsaari] : Mansaarella ∼ Mansaaressa

Isle of Man

Inner locational cases (e.g. Mansaaressa) recommended.

Mantova

Mantua

Mantšuria

Manchuria

Marathon [marathon ∼ maraton]

Marathon

In Greece. In figurative usage maratonjuoksu, maraton.

Marche [marke]

the Marches

In Italy.

Marcus Antonius : Marcus Antoniuksen

Mark Antony

Maremmit : Maremmeilla

Maremma

Margareeta

Margret ∼ Margretha ∼ Margrethe

Queens.

Margareeta

Margaret

Queens, regents, saints.

Mari ∼ Marin tasavalta

Mari El ∼ Mariy El

An area in Russia.

Maria

Mary

Biblical persons and Queens.

Maria ∼ Marija

Maria

Russian first name.

Maria Magdaleena

Mary Magdalene ∼ Mary of Magdala

Biblical. Magdalan Maria in 1992 translation.

Maria Teresia

Maria Theresa

Mariaanien hauta

Mariana Trench

Mariaanit : Mariaaneilla

Mariana Islands ∼ Marianas

Marienburg

Malbork

Historical. Now Marbork.

Markus : Markuksen

Marcus

Pope.

Markus : Markuksen

Mark

Biblical.

Marmaranmeri ∼ Marmarameri

Marmara Sea Sea ∼ Sea of Marmora

Marokko : Marokossa

Morocco

Marrakech [marrakeš]

Marrakech ∼ Marrakesh

Previously also Marrakeš.

Marseille [marsej] : Marseillessa [marsejissa] : Marseilleen [marsejiin] ∼ Marseille [marsei] : Marseillessa [marseissa] : Marseillehin [marseihin]

Marseille ∼ Marseilles

Marseljeesi

Marseillaise, la

Marshallinsaaret [maršallinsaaret]

Marshall Islands ∼ Marshalls

Martialis [martiaalis] : Martialiksen

Martial

Ancient poet.

Martinus : Martinuksen

Martin

Popes.

Maskareenit

Mascarene Islands ∼ Mascarenes

Masqat [maskat]

Muscat

Previously Muskat or Maskat.

Matarenki : Matarengissa

Matarengi

Matteus : Matteuksen

Matthew

Biblical.

Maunu

Magnus

Kings.

Maunu Ladonlukko : Maunu Ladonlukon

Magnus Barnlock

Maustesaaret

Spice Islands

Now Molukit.

Medina

Madinah  ∼ Medina

Meedia

Medes ∼ Mede

Historical country.

Mekka : Mekassa

Mecca

Meksiko

Mexico

Meksikonlahti

Gulf of Mexico

Memfis : Memfiissä : Memfiiseen

Memphis

In ancient Egypt.

Memphis [memfis] : Memphisiin : Memphisissä

Memphis

Modern cities.

Merenkurkku

Kvarken

Between Finland and Sweden.

Merkurius : Merkuriuksen

Mercury

Planet and god.

Messias : Messiaan

Messiah

Mestari Eckhart

Meister Eckhart

Methodios : Methodioksen

Methodius

Metsäpirtti ∼ Zaporožskoje

Zaporozhskoye

Now in Russia.

Metusalem

Methuselah

Bible translations have Metusalah and Metuselah, but common language form is Metusalem.

México [mehiko ∼ meksiko] ∼ Ciudad de México [siudad de mehiko]

Mexico City

Mexico City also commonly used.

Midas : Midaksen ∼ Midaan

Midas

Mihail

Michael

Czars.

Mihail

Mikhail

Russian first name.

Miikael

Michael

Biblical. Mikael in 1992 translation.

Mikael

Michael

Emperors.

Milano

Milan

Milon Venus : Milon Venuksen

Venus de Milo

Sometimes Meloksen Afrodite.

Mokka : Mokassa

Mocha ∼ Mokha

In Yemen.

Moldau

Vltava

Vltava is now recommended.

Molukit : Molukeilla

Maluku ∼ Moluccans

Molukit : Molukeilla : Molukkien

Moluccan Islands ∼ Moluccans

1. Mooseksen kirja ∼ Genesis : Genesiksen

Genesis

Book of the Bible.

2. Mooseksen kirja ∼ Exodus (: Exoduksen)

Exodus

Book of the Bible.

3. Mooseksen kirja ∼ Leviticus : Leviticuksen

Leviticus

Book of the Bible.

4. Mooseksen kirja ∼ Numeri

Numbers

Book of the Bible.

5. Mooseksen kirja ∼ Deuteronomium

Deuteronomy

Book of the Bible.

Mooseksen kirjat

Pentateuch

Same as Toora.

Mooses : Mooseksen

Moses

Blblical.

Mordva

Mordvinia ∼ Mordovia

Mosambik

Mosambique ∼ Mozambique

Mosel [moosel]

Moselle

Moskova

Moscow

Moskvajoki [maskváajoki] ∼ Moskovanjoki

Moscow River

Muhammed

Muhammad ∼ Mohammed

The prophet. Muhammad also used nowadays.

Muhammed ∼ Mehmed ∼ Mehmet

Mehmed ∼ Mehmet

Sultans of Turkey.

Munamäki (: Munamäellä) ∼ Suuri Munamäki (: Suurella Munamäellä) ∼ Suur Munamägi (: Suur Munamägissä)

Suur Munamägi

In Estonia.

Murmansk [muurmansk] ∼ Muurmanni

Murmansk

Muurmanni only in some contexts: Muurmannin rata, rannikko, legioona.

Mustameri : Mustallamerellä

Black Sea

Mustasaari : Mustasaaressa

Korsholm

In Swedish-speaking area of Finland.

Mykene

Mycenae

mykeneläinen; Mykenen

Mycenaean

München [mynhhen] : Münchenissä

Munich

Münchhausen [mynhhausen]

Munchausen

Myrtoonmeri

Myrtoan Sea

Määri

Moravia

Naatam

Nathan

Biblical. Natan in 1992 translation.

Naavuono

Kvaenangen

Biblical.

Naftali

Naphtali

Nagoya [nagoja]

Nagoya

Sometimes Nagoja.

Naissaari : Naissaaressa

Naissaar

Napoli

Naples

Narvanjoki : Narvanjoen

Narva River

Narvanlahti

Narva Bay

Nasaret

Nazareth

Natalia ∼ Natalija

Natalia ∼ Nataliya

Russian first name.

Natalja

Natalya

Russian first name.

Nauvo

Nagu

Navarra

Navarre

Nebukadnessar [nebukadneessar]∼ Nebukadressar

Nebuchadnezzar

Nebukadnessar in the Bible. In new history books, Nebukadressar.

Nehemia

Nehemiah

Biblical.

Neitsyt : Neitsyen

Maiden ∼ Virgo

Constellation. In horoscope contexts, written in lowercase in Finnish.

Neitsyt Maria : Neitsyt Marian

Virgin Mary

Neitsytsaaret

Virgin Islands

Neptunus : Neptunuksen

Neptune

Planet and god.

Neuvostoliitto

Soviet Union

Neva ∼ Nevajoki

Neva River

Nevski prospekt ∼ Nevan valtakatu

Nevsky Avenue

New York [nyy jork]

New York

Niemen

Neman ∼ Nemunas ∼ Niemen

River.

Niili

Nile

Nikobaarit

Nicobar Islands ∼ Nicobars

Nikolai

Nicholas

Czars.

Nikolaus : Nikolauksen

Nicholas

Popes.

Nikosia

Nicosia

Nizza [nitsa]

Nice

Njassamaa

Nyasaland

Now Malawi.

Nooa ∼ Nooak

Noah

Biblical.

Nordkapp [nuurdkap] : Nordkappissa ∼ Nordkapissa

Nordkapp ∼ North Cape

Earlier Finnish spelling: Nordkap.

Nordrhein-Westfalen [nordrain vestfaalen]

North Rhine-Wesphalia

Norja

Norway

Norlanti : Norlannissa

Norrland ∼ Northland

Normandia

Normandy

Norsunluurannikko

Côte d’Ivoire ∼ Ivory Coast

Novaja Zemlja [noovaja zemljaa] : Novaja Zemljalla

Novaya Zemlya

Nubia

Nubia

Also Nuubia, especially in nuubiankissa.

Nürnberg [nyyrnberg]

Nuremberg

Närpiö

Närpes

In Swedish-speaking area in Finland.

Näätämö

Neiden

In Norway.

Occam ∼ Okkam

Occam ∼ Ockham

Octavianus [oktaviaanus] : Octavianuksen

Octavian

Odessa

Odessa ∼ Odesa

Odysseia

Odyssey

Odysseus : Odysseuksen

Ulysses

Ofotvuono [uufuutvuono] ∼ Ofotinvuono [uufuutinvuono]

Ofotfjord

Ohotanmeri

Sea of Okhotsk

Oidipus : Oidipuksen

Oedipe ∼ Oedipus

Oinas : Oinaan

Aries

Constellation. In horoscope contexts in lowercase in Finnish.

Olavi

Olaf

Kings.

Olavi Sylikuningas

Olof Skötkonung

Olhava

Volkhov

olympialaiset ∼ olympiakisat

Olympic games

Olympos

Olympus

Mountain.

Oodi ilolle

Ode to Joy

Symbol of the EU, officially Anthem of Europe.

Oolanti

Åland

Historical name for Ahvenanmaa.

Oostende

Ostend

Oranje

Orange

In South Africa.

Oravainen : Oravaisissa : Oravaisiin

Oravais

In Swedish-speaking area in Finland.

Orjol

Orel

In Russia.

Origines : Origineen

Origen

Orjajärvi

Slave Lake

Ortlesin Alpit ∼ Ortlerin Alpit

Ortler Alps

Oseania

Oceania

Osiris : Osiriksen

Osiris

Oskar

Oscar

Kings.

Oslonvuono

Oslofjord

Otava

Big Dip ∼ Plough

Constellation

Otto : Oton

Otto

Monarchs.

Ovidius : Ovidiuksen

Ovid

Paavali

Paul

Apostle, popers, monarchs. But e.g. St. Paul’s Cathedral (not translated).

paavi

the Pope ∼ the pope

Padova

Padua

Pagasainlahti

Pagasetic Gulf

Palatinus : Palatinuksella

Palatine Hill

Palatsiaukio

Palace Square

In St. Petersburg.

Paleohora ∼ Paleochora

Paleochora

Palestiina

Palestine

Panama

Panama

Panamá [panamaa] : Panamássa : Panamáhan

Panama City

Also Ciudad de Panamá.

Panthéon [pãteõõ ∼ panteon] : Panthéonin

Pantheon

In Paris.

Papua-Uusi-Guinea [ginea] : Papua-Uudessa-Guineassa

Papua New Guinea

Parainen : Paraisilla : Paraisille

Pargas

In area of Finland with Swedish-speaking majority.

Pariisi

Paris

Parnassos : Parnassoksella

Parnassus

Mountain.

Paros : Paroksessa ∼ Paroksella

Paros

Patras : Patraksessa ∼ Patrasissa

Patras

Pegasos : Pegasoksen

Pegasus

Mythological.

Peipsijärvi

Lake Peipus

peloponnesolaissota

Peloponnesian War

Peloponnesos : Peloponnesoksella ∼ Peloponnesoksessa

Peloponnese ∼ Peloponnesus

Penniinit : Penniineillä

Pennines, the

Pentateukki : Pentateukin

Pentateuch

Same as Toora and Mooseksen kirjat.

perkele

Satan

In Finnish (incl. the Bible) usually even in lowercase, even when used as a proper name.

Pernaja

Pernå

In Swedish-speaking are of Finland.

Persianlahti

Persian Gulf

Peru

Peru

Perämeri

Bay of Bothnia

Perämeri

Bothnian Bay

Petroskoi

Petrozavodsk

Petsamo

Pechenga

Petseri

Pechory

Petserimaa : Petserimaassa ∼ Petserinmaa : Petserinmaalla

Petseri County

Petšora

Pechora River

Pfalz